Engaging learners through dynamic content, such as quizzes, simulations, and drag-and-drop activities.

Dynamic slideshows with embedded multimedia, quizzes, or polls to engage learners.

Digital simulations that engage learners through hands-on, interactive tasks.

Tools that allow learners to interact with videos by answering questions or making choices.

This model is a military-developed instructional systems design framework that focuses on the systematic development of training programs.

Engaging in a task for the inherent satisfaction rather than for some separable consequence.

Continuously improving the course based on feedback and testing throughout the development process.

A continuous cycle of instructional design where steps such as objectives, content sequencing, instructional strategies, and evaluations are interconnected and revisited throughout the process.

Tools such as checklists, guidelines, or flowcharts to assist learners in performing tasks on the job.

A professional development strategy where employees rotate through different roles to gain diverse experience.

Observing a colleague’s work to learn new skills and gain insight into different roles.

On-demand learning resources provided at the moment they are needed in the workplace.

The Kemp model is circular rather than linear and emphasizes flexibility. It includes nine elements that focus on learning goals, sequencing content, resources, and evaluation, among others.

Allowing users to navigate content using keyboard commands.

The process of capturing, distributing, and effectively using knowledge within an organisation.

The practice of exchanging information or expertise between employees in an organisation.

Using clear, simple language to ensure content is easy to understand.

Learning occurs through participation in a community of individuals with shared interests or goals.

Training aimed at building the skills necessary to lead teams or organisations.

Designing resources and strategies to help learners navigate the course and address difficulties.

Adjustments made to support learners with disabilities, like extended test times.

The process of collecting, analysing, and using data about learners to improve instruction.

Software for tracking, analysing, and reporting learners’ progress and performance.

A system that combines LMS features with tools for authoring and managing learning content.

Although not a traditional model, LXD focuses on creating a holistic learning experience for learners, blending instructional design principles with user experience (UX) to create engaging, learner-centered education.